USA vs. Martinez-Mata, (5th Cir. 2003)
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* Pursuant to 5 TH C IR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5 TH C IR .
R. 47.5.4. United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit FILED October 22, 2003 Charles R. Fulbruge III Clerk IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
No. 02-41644 Conference Calendar UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus ELIAS MARTINEZ-MATA, Defendant-Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas USDC No. L-02-CR-440-1 Before KING, Chief Judge, and JOLLY and STEWART, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: * Elias Martinez-Mata (§ 1326(b)(1) and (2) are elements of the offense, not sentence enhancements, making those provisions unconstitutional. Martinez concedes that this argument is foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres v. United States , 523 U.S. 224 (1998), and he raises it for possible direct review by the Supreme Court.
Martinez’s Apprendi argument is foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres , 523 U.S. at 235. We must follow the precedent set in Almendarez-Torres “unless and until the Supreme Court itself determines to overrule it.” United States v. Dabeit , 231 F.3d 979, 984 (5th Cir. 2000) (internal quotation and citation omitted).
AFFIRMED.
No. 02-41644
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This document cites
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit - United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Khamis Khalil Dabeit, Defendant-Appellant,, 231 F.3d 979 (5th Cir. 2000)
- U.S. Supreme Court - Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224 (1998)
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