Snell v. State of Oklahoma and David Parker, (10th Cir. 2007)

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UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

RICHARD E. SNELL,

Petitioner-Appellant,

No. 05-6356

v.

(W.D. of Okla.)

STATE OF OKLAHOMA AND

DAVID PARKER, Warden, James

Crabtree Correctional Center

Respondent-Appellee.

(D.C. No. CV-05-861-M)

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY
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Before TACHA, Chief Judge, HARTZ,

and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.
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Petitioner Richard Eugene Snell is a state prisoner appealing the

disposition of his federal habeas corpus petition, filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 2254. The petition, which challenged his convictions for various counts of

sexual contact with a minor, was dismissed by the district court as time-barred.

Because Snell failed to file a timely appeal, we DISMISS for lack of jurisdiction.

I. Background

On September 11, 1997, Snell was convicted by a jury in Oklahoma state

court of two counts of lewd molestation, one count of second-degree rape, one

count of second-degree rape by instrumentation, and two counts of forcible

sodomy. He was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment for each count, to run

consecutively. Snell filed a direct appeal, and the Oklahoma Court of Criminal

Appeals affirmed his convictions on October 22, 1998. He then pursued two

separate forms of state post-conviction relief. The first application was filed on

November 26, 2001, and denied on May 17, 2002. The second was filed on July

29, 2002, and denied on October 16, 2002.

Snell subsequently filed a federal habeas petition in district court on July

28, 2005, arguing (1) the state prosecutor improperly influenced the jury with

inadmissible testimony about prior crimes, (2) the evidence at trial was

insufficient to prove rape, and (3) error in the jury instructions. On August 25,

2005, on recommendation of a magistrate judge, the district court denied his

petition. On October 6, 2005, Snell filed a motion for extension of time to file

his notice of appeal. The district court granted the motion on October 11, giving

him until October 24. Snell waited until October 31, at which point he filed

another motion for extension, which the district court granted on November 2,

giving him until November 3. Snell filed his notice of appeal on November 2.

II. Discussion

The district court dismissed Snell's petition as time-barred under the

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA). According to

the applicable provision, the one-year statute of limitations period begins running

on "the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct

review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review." 28 U.S.C. 2244(d)(1)(A). Here, Snell's conviction was affirmed by the state's highest

court on October 22, 1998.(1) According to

the district court's calculations, the

90-day period for filing certiorari with the United States Supreme Court expired

on January 20, 1999, which rendered his conviction final for purposes of 28 U.S.C. 2244(d)(1)(A). See 28 U.S.C. 2101(c); Locke v.

Saffle, 237 F.3d

1269, 1271­73 (10th Cir. 2001). Thus, Snell had until January 20, 2000, to file

his federal habeas petition, but he did not file until four and a half years later, on

July 28, 2005.

Although AEDPA allows the limitations period to be tolled while state

post-conviction relief applications are pending, 28 U.S.C. 2244(d)(2), the

district court found Snell ineligible for statutory tolling because he did not begin

pursuing state post-conviction relief until November 26, 2001--nearly two years

after the AEDPA deadline had passed. See Fisher v. Gibson, 262 F.3d 1135,

1142­43 (10th Cir. 2001) (holding a state court petition submitted after the

AEDPA deadline does not toll the limitations period). Nor, in any event, would

the toll have rendered Snell's habeas petition timely because his state post-conviction

proceedings were pending only until October 16, 2002--well over two

and a half years before he filed his federal habeas petition.

The district court rejected equitable tolling. This remedy is "only available

when an inmate diligently pursues his claims and demonstrates that the failure to

timely file was caused by extraordinary circumstances beyond his control."

Marsh v. Soares, 223 F.3d 1217, 1220 (10th Cir. 2000). Because Snell provided

no reason for his late filing, the district court concluded he had failed to present

the "rare and exceptional circumstances" that qualify a petitioner for this

equitable remedy. See Gibson v. Klinger, 232 F.3d 799, 808 (10th Cir. 2000).

A. Certificate of Appealability

A state prisoner who is denied federal habeas relief by the district court

may not obtain appellate review without first receiving a COA. See 28 U.S.C. 2253(c)(1). Generally, the district court considers the COA issue in the first

instance. See 10th Cir. R. 22.1(C). Here, however, the district court never acted

on the COA issue following Snell's filing of a notice of appeal on November 2,

2005. Accordingly, after 30 days, COA is deemed denied by the district court.

Id. Although Snell never expressly filed an application for COA, his notice of

appeal is treated as a renewed request for COA by this court. See Fed. R. App. P.

22(b)(2).

B. Timeliness of Appeal

A notice of appeal must be filed with the district court within 30 days

after

the order being appealed is entered. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). Here, the

district court entered judgment on August 25, 2005. Consequently, the 30-day

period expired on September 26, 2005.

The district court may extend the 30-day deadline under some

circumstances: (1) for excusable neglect, or (2) for good cause shown, so long as

the moving party requests an extension not later than 30 days after expiration of

the time to appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(5)(A); Moore's Federal

Practice,

§ 304.14[2][c]. The extension may not exceed 30 days after the original deadline

or 10 days after the date when the order granting the extension is entered--

whichever comes later. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(5)(C). When calculating the 30-day

extension period, all calendar days are counted, but when calculating the 10-day

period, only business days are counted. See Fed. R. App. P. 26(a)(2).

Snell filed his first motion for extension on October 6, 2005, which was 12

days after the original deadline had passed, but less than the 30 day outer limit.

Finding the reasons provided to be acceptable, the district court granted the

motion on October 11. At that time, the district court had power to extend the

deadline to the greater of 30 calendar days from the original deadline (October

26) or 10 business days from the date of the order (October 25). The district

court extended the time until October 24.

Snell, however, failed to file his notice of appeal prior to October 24;

instead, he filed a second request for time extension on October 31, asking that

additional time be granted because of a docketing mix up by his counsel. The

district court granted his request on November 2, giving him until November 3,

even though the allowable extension period under Rule 4(a)(5)(C) had already

passed. Snell complied with this order by filing his notice of appeal on

November 2.

It is well settled that "[t]his court cannot exercise jurisdiction absent a

timely notice of appeal." See United States v. Smith, 182 F.3d 733, 734 (10th

Cir. 1999). Our jurisdiction is based on the timely filing of a notice of appeal in

the district court subject to the applicable time extensions set forth in Rule 4. It

is the district court that rules on requests for time extension; our authority is

circumscribed by Rule 26 which bars circuit courts from extending the time in

which to file a notice of appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 26(b)(1). Since Snell filed

his second notice of appeal outside the 30-day deadline, the district court lacked

the authority to grant a further time extension.

We have recently reiterated our rule that a timely notice of appeal is

jurisdictional. In Alva v. Teen Help, 468 F.3d 946, 951 (10th Cir. 2006), we held

that timely "notice of appeal in both criminal and civil actions [are] mandatory

and jurisdictional." Finding Rule 4's jurisdictional requirements to be

mandatory, we concluded the rule is enforceable even if not raised by the parties.

Since Snell's second motion for time extension was untimely, and the

district court lacked the authority to extend the deadline, Snell never filed a

timely notice of appeal. Under Alva, we lack the ability to extend the Rule 4

filing deadline ourselves, and without a timely notice of appeal, we lack

jurisdiction to hear the appeal.

III. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, this appeal is DISMISSED.

Entered for the Court,

Timothy M. Tymkovich

Circuit Judge

FOOTNOTES

Click footnote number to return to corresponding location in the text.

*. This order and judgment is not binding

precedent except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,

however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 (eff. Dec.

1, 2006) and 10th Cir. R. 32.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2007).

2. After examining the briefs and the appellate

record, this three-judge

panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material

assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th

Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

1. Despite the magistrate judge's notation to

the contrary, the Oklahoma

state docket lists a date consistent with that alleged by Snell.

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