Martori Bros. Distributors, Et Al., Plaintiffs/Appellants/Cross-Appellees, v. Jyrl James-Massengale, Et Al., Defendants/Appellees/Cross-Appellants., 791 F.2d 799 (9th Cir. 1986)
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Hersh & Stoll, Wayne A. Hersh, Charley M. Stoll, Alan J. Saxe, Newport Beach, Cal., for plaintiffs/appellants/cross-appellees.
Littler, Mendelson, Fastiff & Tichy, A Professional Corp., Robert K. Carrol, Scott A. Wilson, Samuel F. Hoffman, San Francisco, Cal., for Mario Sikhon, Inc.
Daniel G. Stone, Sol. of the Bd., Nancy C. Smith, Cathy Christian, Deputy Sol. Agricultural Labor Relations Bd., Sacramento, Cal., for defendants/appellees/cross-appellants.
Before BARNES and REINHARDT, Circuit Judges, and SOLOMON,* District Judge.
ORDER
The opinion filed in this case on January 30, 1986, as amended April 1, 1986, 781 F.2d 1349, is further amended as follows:
The paragraph beginning with "We have made it clear ...," 781 F.2d at 1355, and ending with "... refusing to abstain.12", at 1356, is deleted and replaced by:
We recognize that the state's interest in the ALRA is substantial. The Act itself explicitly and eloquently sets forth California's interest:
Sec. 1. In enacting this legislation the people of the State of California seek to ensure peace in the agricultural fields by guaranteeing justice for all agricultural workers and stability in labor relations.
This enactment is intended to bring certainty and a sense of fair play to a presently unstable and potentially volatile condition in the state. The Legislature recognizes that no law in itself resolves social injustice and economic dislocations.
However, in the belief the people affected desire a resolution to this dispute and will make a sincere effort to work through the procedures established in this legislation, it is the hope of the Legislature that farm laborers, farmers, and all the people of California will be served by the provisions of this Act.
Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975, Cal.Stats. 1975, Third Extraordinary Session, c. 1 Sec. 1 at 4013.
The ALRA furthers California's policy of promoting freedom of association, "free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor ..." Cal.Lab.Code Sec. 1140.2 (West Supp.1986).
However, we have made it clear that our "unflagging obligation" to exercise federal jurisdiction precludes expansion of the Younger doctrine except in extraordinary circumstances. Miofsky v. Superior Court, 703 F.2d 332, 338 (9th Cir.1983); see also Mobil Oil Corp. v. City of Long Beach, 772 F.2d 534, 542 (9th Cir.1985); Silberkleit v. Kantrowitz, 713 F.2d 433, 435 (9th Cir.1983). We have previously declined to extend Younger' § reach to encompass other concededly important interests. See Champion International Corp. v. Brown, 731 F.2d 1406 (9th Cir.1984) (Montana's interest in enforcing age discrimination laws, not a vital state interest in the context of Younger abstention doctrine). Although admittedly the state's interest is important it is not qualitatively as vital or central to the state's interest as is its interest in its criminal justice system or the fundamental operation of its court system. We decline to extend Younger here, since a contrary holding would diminish the significance of the phrase "extraordinary circumstances" and readily lead to a rule that Younger abstention is required any time the state demonstrates a clear interest. We cannot violate our clear obligation to exercise federal jurisdiction. Accordingly, we hold that the district court was correct in refusing to abstain.12
* Honorable Gus J. Solomon, Senior United States District Judge for the District of Oregon, sitting by designation
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This document cites
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - William Eugene Miofsky, Appellant, v. Superior Court of the State of California, in and for the County of Sacramento; Elmer Galioni, M.D.; Bruce Kaldor, M.D.; and Alfred French, M.D., Appellees., 703 F.2d 332 (9th Cir. 1983)
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - 34 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 1154, 34 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 34,339, 5 Employee Benefits Ca 1385 Champion International Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Margery H. Brown, Et Al., Defendants-Appellees., 731 F.2d 1406 (9th Cir. 1984)
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - Mobil Oil Corp., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. City of Long Beach, Defendant-Appellee. Exxon Corp., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. City of Long Beach, Defendant-Appellee. Union Oil Company of California, a Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. the City of Long Beach, a Municipal Corporation; Kenneth Cory, Leo Mccarthy, Michael Franchetti and John Dever, Defendants-Appellees. Shell Oil Co., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. City of Long Beach, Kenneth Cory, Leo Mccarthy, Michael Franchetti and John Dever, Defendants-Appellees. Texaco, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. City of Long Beach, a Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellee. Shell California Production, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. City of Long Beach, a Municipal Corporation; Kenneth Cory; Leo Mccarthy; Jesse Huff; and John Dever, Defendants-Appellants., 772 F.2d 534 (9th Cir. 1985)
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - William B. Silberkleit, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Wallace Kantrowitz, Individually, and As Trustee of the Kantrowitz 1975 Trust, and As Trustee of the Mona Lee of California Profit Sharing Plan; Wallace Kantrowitz and Kayla Kantrowitz, Husband and Wife; Edward White, Individually; Edward White and Maxine White, Husband and Wife; Lawrence Silberkleit, Individually, and As Trustee of the Lawrence Silberkleit and Estelle Silberkleit Trust Established on December 4, 1973, and As Trustee of the Mona Lee of California Profit Sharing Plan; Estelle M. Silberkleit, Individually; Lawrence Silberkleit and Estelle M. Silberkleit, Husband and Wife; Mona Lee of California, a California Corporation, and Also As Administrator of the Mona Lee of California Profit Sharing Plan; Kellogg & Andelson, a Corporation; Mona Lee of California Profit Sharing Plan, Defendants-Appellees., 713 F.2d 433 (9th Cir. 1983)
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - Martori Bros. Distributors, an Arizona Partnership; O.P. Murphy Produce Company, Inc., Dba O.P. Murphy & Sons, a Texas Corporation; J.R. Norton Company, an Arizona Corporation; and Mario Saikhon, Inc., a California Corporation, Plaintiffs-Appellants-Cross-Appellees, v. Jyrl James-Massengale, [Fn*] Chair; Gregory L. Gonot, [Fn*] Board Member; Patrick Henning, Board Member; John Mccarthy, Board Member; Jorge Carrillo, Board Member; Regional Director — El Centro; [Fn**] Regional Director — Salinas; [Fn***] Agricultural Labor Relations Board, State of California, Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants., 781 F.2d 1349 (9th Cir. 1986)
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